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Chemical Dosimetry of Prompt and Residual Radiations from Nuclear Detonations

George V. TaplinKatharine H. MalinMary Lee GriswoldDonald E. Paglia

出版	University of California at Los Angeles, 1961
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=-6N4VT1pZs0C&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook	FULL_PUBLIC_DOMAIN

註釋Chemical dosimetry studies were made to estimate human exposures to prompt and residual radiations from nuclear detonations. They included measurements of: (1) gamma radiation from fallout at on-site and off-site areas; (2) air-dose and depth-dose distribution determinations in human phantoms placed at positions calculated to receive prompt neutron and gamma radiation exposures in the dose range of medical interest (0 to 1000 rads); and (3) estimates of gamma and mixed neutron plus gamma radiation exposures which might aid the evaluation of Japanese who survived prompt-gamma exposures at Nagasaki as compared with neutron plus gamma exposures at Hiroshima. The feasibility of using direct-reading chemical dosimeters for estimating gamma-ray exposures from nuclear fallout and from prompt bomb gamma radiations was demonstrated. In addition, the responses of single-phase dosimeters to gamma rays plus neutrons provided a useful index of the total exposure because they registered the gamma component accurately and also reflected the amount of associated slow- and fast-neutron radiations with sufficient accuracy (low by 10 to 25 per cent) to aid in the medical evaluation and initial segregation of radiation casualties.