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Liberty, Dominion, and the Two Swords
註釋In Liberty, Dominion and the Two Swords historian Lester L. Field, Jr., places historical relations between church and state in a new context by examining the ancient origins of two concepts that dominated medieval political discourse: liberty of the church, which became the battle cry of the reform papacy during the Investiture Contest of the late 11th and early 12th centuries; and the doctrine of the two swords, which distinguished the medieval church and monarchy as inviolable institutions.