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For the Love of the Prophet

其他書名	Deobandi-Barelvi Polemics and the Ulama in Pakistan
出版	Graduate Theological Union, 2018
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=-aOPwgEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The Deobandi-Barelvi conflict in Pakistan demonstrates several continuities from its nineteenth century origins in British India. However there are also significant and understudied developments in the formats, content, extent, and categorical nature of its polemics today. The conflict between the Sunni movements began as the result of a reformist project of Deobandi ulama who saw as un-Islamic several customs of Muslims that they saw as compromising God's unity by exaggerating the station of prophets and saints. The Barelvis under Ahmed Raza Khan opposed aspects of this approach, even as there was agreement on the un-Islamic nature of certain practices. Khan termed as kuffar (unbelievers) certain Deobandi ulama for what he saw as their disrespect of Prophet Muhammad. At the heart of the conflict are beliefs centered on the figure of the Prophet, and certain statements made by the Deobandis. This dissertation aims to understand the development of the Deobandi-Barelvi conflict in Pakistan from its roots in British India, with this past becoming an essential part of their polemics. It contends that rather than a conflict about beliefs and customs - despite their importance - the primary issue is that of Barelvi perception of the gustakhi, or disrespect, of Deobandi ulama towards the prophet. Thus they see as the only possible path to reconciliation that Deobandis admit their elders were kuffar. This is impossible given how ulama of the past are central to the identities and self-conceptions of theses traditions. Through the study of the forms, methods, content, and supporters of the polemics, I argue that the Deobandi-Barelvi conflict has escalated and intensified, and brought young and middle-ranking ulama to replace elite ulama who had spearheaded debates in previous generations. Studying their engagements is essential to understand the religious context of Pakistan as their conflict is due in part to the potential for leadership in an ostensibly Islamic republic. Thus their polemics utilize texts, social media and imagery, oral debates, and include subjects such as beliefs, customs, political history, the ulama of the past, and respect and love for the prophet, as novel approaches are sought to show the other as religiously and historically flawed, and thus to claim legitimacy in the context of Pakistan. These developments are the subject of this dissertation.