Population explosion leads to social problems like unemployment, poverty, low economic development etc. The social development which is determined by better health care facilities, education and high literacy rate and improvement in the standard of living of people are adversely affected due to high population. The benefits of government schemes do not reach the masses. A vast share of GDP is required to keep the level of per capita income constant. The weaker sections of the population do not get the share of the development. For equitable social development, the government should aim not only at controlling the unregulated human growth of numerical strength but also at checking the unregulated movement of the population and increasing the concentration of people in the urbanized areas and providing adequate living space and other facilities. These goals have to be jointly linked with the formulation and implementation of policies aimed at population regulation and planning for harnessing both natural and human resources. Thus only population growth per se may not be perceived as a problem but its relation with the availability of resources may be viewed with great concern. This book will help to some extent to be a well-informed person on the Indian demographic situation to the readers in general. This will be a source of knowledge and a resource book in the discipline of population studies for academicians, University teachers and researchers, administrators, programme personnel, executives, field functionaries and other general readers who are involved in solving the gigantic and number one national population problem in different capacities in India.