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Discord and Its Alternatives in the Aṭṭhakavagga of the Pāli Canon

出版	Graduate Theological Union, 2017
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=1HfouQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This thesis is written with two audiences in mind: scholars and engaged Buddhists. For scholars, it begins to explore the ways Buddhist texts addressed conflict. For engaged Buddhists, this thesis provides canonical examples of socially applied Buddhist teachings. For those interested in peace among either group, this thesis explores the question of why we fight. In these pages, I demonstrate that the Atthakavagga (Av) of the Pali canon includes many observations about conflict. The Atthakavagga addressed conflict by using it as a motivator, an example of what not to do, and a contrast to the life of the Buddha. Its Kalahavivada Sutta also investigated the underlying factors of conflict. Comparing the Kalahavivada's approach to conflict with discourses from the Majjhima and Digha Nikayas suggests how Buddhist approaches to conflict were adapted. The Atthakavagga, Madhupindika, Mahanidana, and Sakkapanha are examples of socially applied dependent arising (paticca samuppada). They conceived of conflict's contributing factors in terms of the behavioral and interpersonal effects of mental states. Recommended responses to conflict in these texts are often implicit. The Av emphasizes avoiding unnecessary conflict and emulating the Buddha. This emulation includes calm engagement with provocateurs, lack of entrenchment in views, and investigating the conditionality of conflict itself. The significance of this thesis is its primary research, which systematically examines conflict in the Atthakavagga and provides a detailed comparison between examples of social dependent arising. The discourses compared share textual points of contact and thematic similarities across three different Nikayas (collections), which may offer new areas for inquiry to the field of Buddhist studies. For engaged Buddhists, or others interested in peace, this thesis suggests that conflict can be used as motivator and contrast for Buddhist practice, as well as a subject for investigating conditionality. It also suggests that the adaptations of social dependent arising in canonical texts offer a precedent for contemporary wise adaptation of socially applied Buddhist teachings. Concern for liberation is apparent in these examples, which also suggests that concern for liberation can be part of how Buddhist insights and ideas are adapted to address the many conflicts in our world.