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A Feeling of Full-filment
其他書名
Sensory and Physiological Processes Involved in Satiation
出版Wageningen University, 2020
ISBN94639524899789463952484
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=1rZ2zQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋Based on the results from chapter 2 and 3 we hypothesized that part of the mechanism behind the oro-sensory exposure duration effect on satiation might be eating rate. When the duration of oro-sensory exposure is increased, eating rate is slowed down. Previous studies have shown that a reduced eating rate also leads to a decrease in food intake. Additionally, we hypothesized that part of the reason why we did not find typical cephalic responses in chapter 2 was because the model foods scored & lsquo;neutral & rsquo; on liking, whereas palatability may be important to trigger a cephalic response. We therefore investigated the effect of OSE duration and eating rate on food intake (palatable chocolate custard) and associated endocrine responses (chapter 4). Two studies were set up. In both studies subjects ate until fullness of chocolate custard with and without fudge pieces (low or high oro-sensory exposure) at two different eating rates (slow or fast eating rate). In study 1 participants received a small portion and in study 2 a larger portion. Additionally, blood samples were collected during the meal in study 2. We found that a reduced eating rate (ER) (only in the high oro-sensory exposure condition) (study 1) and increased oro-sensory exposure (study 2) decreased food intake but that this was dependent on the portion size. Eight minutes after starting to eat, insulin concentrations increased for all treatments compared to control. At the end of the meal insulin concentrations were higher in the high OSE, slow ER compared to the low OSE, fast ER condition. Pancreatic polypeptide increased at 5 min after meal onset in the low OSE, fast ER condition. There were no changes in ghrelin concentration. Greater OSE thus increases insulin responsiveness. In contrast, PP responses are stronger when OSE is reduced and ER is fast. Prandial Insulin and PP responses may mediate the independent effects of OSE and ER on food intake.