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Teaching

出版	International Academy of Education, 1999
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=1wYmAQAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This booklet is a synthesis of principles of effective teaching that have emerged from research in classrooms. It focuses on learning outcomes but with recognition of the need for a supportive classroom climate and positive student attitudes. Practices outlined include: -students learn best with cohesive and caring learning communities -students learn more when most of the available time is allocated to curriculum-related activities and the classroom management system emphasizes maintaining their engagement in those activities -teachers can prepare students for learning by providing an initial structure to clarify intended outcomes and cue desired learning strategies -to facilitate meaningful learning and retention, content is explained clearly and developed with emphasis on its structure and connections -students need sufficient opportunities to practise and apply what they are learning, and to receive improvement-oriented feedback -the teacher models and instructs students in learning and self-regulations strategies -students often benefit from working in pairs or small groups to construct understandings or help one another master skills -the teacher uses a variety of formal and informal assessment methods to monitor progress towards learning goals Contents: -Introduction 1. A supportive classroom climate 2. Opportunity to learn 3. Curricular alignment 4. Establishing learning orientations 5. Coherent content 6. Thoughtful discourse 7. Practice and application activities 8. Scaffolding students' task engagement 9. Strategy teaching 10. Co-operative learning 11. Goal-oriented assessment 12. Achievement expectations.