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Effect of Graduate Training in Human Sexuality on the Counselor's Ability to Deal with Sexually Related Problems in the Counseling Setting

出版	School of Education. University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1975
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=2Q9nNwAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether participation in a graduate level course in human sexuality will affect the counselor's ability to deal with sexually related problems in the counseling setting. More specifically, it was hypothesized that the experimental treatment would have a three-fold effect: 1) The subjects will show increased sexual awareness and knowledge, 2) The subjects will show increased ability to effectively counsel sexually related problems, 3) The subjects will exhibit reduced stress when exposed to sexual stimuli in a counseling setting. Four criterion measures were used: 1) A pre-and post-treatment videotaped interview with a coached client presenting a problem in sexuality. The subjects were rated for verbal facilitating behavior and nonverbal attending behavior by trained judges. Each tape was rated by a minimum of two judges. Subjects were evaluated on a seven point scale for each of six counseling characteristics. 2) The Sex Knowledge and Attitude Test (SKAT) designed by H.I. Lief and David Reed. The SKAT is a teaching aid in the field of sex education and its value as a testing instrument is limited to the knowledge portion. 3) A tentative diagnostic check-list which determined whether the counselor could tentatively identify a problem in sexuality and place it in one of several broad categories. 4) A self rating form in which the subjects were asked to rate, on a five point scale, their overall feeling of confidence during the interview. The self evaluation occurred immediately following the interview. The subjects were forty-five graduate students enrolled in a course offered through the Continuing Education Division at UMKC. Requirements for registration were a bachelors degree in social science and prior professional experience in counseling. Registrants included students enrolled in the masters, education specialist or doctoral programs at UMKC. The group consisted of twenty-five women and twenty men. The course was designed as an intensive experience. There were seven sessions meeting from 4:30 to 10:00, with a half hour dinner break. Participants usually shared a meal in the student lounge or went out in small groups to nearby restaurants. This contributed to group cohesiveness. The meetings consisted of three modules: a) didactic, which took the form of a panel discussion among the course instructors, b) large group discussions including all the participants, and c) three smaller groups of fifteen participants. The smaller groups shared structured experiences such as counseling role plays and exercises designed to facilitate exploration of participants' feelings and clarification of their values relative to the topics covered in each session. Topics included: Definition of Sexuality, Love and Intimacy, Sexual Dysfunctions, Contrasts and comparisons Between Heterosexuality and Homosexuality, Psychological Determinants of Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Counseling Modalities. Each session opened and closed with a large group exercise. The Student's t for correlated groups was used to test the significance of the difference between the pre- and post-treatment measures of counseling skills, self confidence and sex knowledge as measured by the SKAT. Highly significant gains occurred in the areas of self confidence, sex knowledge and the overall index of counseling skills. A major variation was found in the response to the treatment of the two sub-categories of counseling skills. While highly significant gains were registered in each of the three components of verbal facilitating behavior, no significant increase occurred in two of the three components of nonverbal attending behavior, i.e. anxiety level and degree of body relaxation. The group also showed a marked increase in diagnostic accuracy. There were no significant differences between the female and male members of the group.