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The Effectiveness of Safety Belts in Preventing Fatalities

Leonard EvansGeneral Motors Corporation. Research Laboratories

出版	General Motors Research Laboratories, 1985
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=2WkgAQAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The effectiveness of safety belts in preventing fatalities to drivers and to passengers seated in the right front seat of cars involved in crashes is determined using the double pair comparison method described in a just issued paper. All available complete years (1975 through 1983) of data in the Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) are used. The double pair comparison method focuses on crashes by cars containing a "subject" occupant (a driver or right front passenger) and an "other" occupant (any other occupant in the car except the subject occupant). The other occupant acts essentially to estimate exposure, so that fatality risk to the subject when belted and unbelted may be compared relatively free from biasses due to confounding factors. In this study, drivers and right front passengers are subject occupants; by choosing a variety of other occupants (of different ages, seating positions, and belt use) 46 essentially independent estimates of safety belt effectiveness and associated standard errors are obtained.