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其他書名
Patterns of Violations in Afghanistan
出版Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2011
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=2bEynQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋This paper accompanies the Bamiyan, Ghazni and Kabul provincial case studies from AREU's research project on "Legacies of Conflict: Justice, Reconciliation and Ways Forward." The research aimed to explore Afghan perceptions, demands and suggestions in relation to addressing legacies of conflict and moving toward peace and reconciliation. It must be noted that the research was not designed to systematically document wartime experiences. This paper divides the conflict into the following four phases: the communist revolution and People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) government (1978-9) and the subsequent Soviet occupation of Afghanistan (1979-89); the fall of the Najibullah government and the civil war period (1989-96); the Taliban regime (1996-2001); and the post-Taliban period (2001-present). This breakdown of the different conflicts was found to be in keeping with how the people interviewed perceived the wars. The study provinces and districts were chosen to reflect some ethnic diversity and to encompass as far as possible the different phases and intensities of conflict that the people suffered in a particular place. In each province, an urban and a rural site were selected, and information was gathered through a mixture of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. This created an opportunity to compare as large a range as feasible of different communities' perspectives coming from different contexts. Given the length and scale of the conflicts, respondents themselves sometimes painted a confusing picture of events. The paper is divided into three main sections based on each province. Section 2 explores different wartime events and experiences in Kabul Province; Section 3 looks at Bamiyan Province; and Section 4 presents findings from Ghazni Province. Each section explores the different violations the research communities experienced, and is designed to compare not only the experience of the different communities interviewed in each province, but the differing patterns of violations under each regime