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Subliminal Perception Or Perception of Partial Cues

Morton Wiener

出版	Clark University, 1960
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=4aNPtAEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

Two basic explanatory models have evolved to account for the phenomena of "perception without awareness". One explanation, referred to here as the "two-process" view, posits two distinct perceptual processes, a supraliminal one and a subliminal one (e.g. subception). These two processes are integrated, but also operate relatively independently, and different responses may be evoked by each. In this "two-process" model, a critical stimulus when not perceived via the supraliminal process (consciously) may be perceived via the subliminal process (not consciously); the subliminal process may then set off the appropriate need-related or defense-related responses. The second model referred to here as the "one-process" view, posits a single perceptual process which accounts for the phenomena in question as well as for perceptual behavior in general. This view maintains that "perception without awareness" is essentially a misnomer, insofar as total unawareness of the stimulus in subliminal research has not been adequately demonstrated; and that experiments cited as demonstrating subliminal processes (e.g. Lazarus & McCleary) from which subliminal processes have been inferred have not adequately investigated the possibility some supraliminal cues operating. An elaboration of some of the methodological and logical issues may help clarify the critical differences. "Perception without awareness" is inferred by those who hold the "two-process view" whenever the following three conditions occur: (a) a stimulus is presented at some intensity (or duration, or clarity) below the level at which subjects could identify the stimulus 100% of the trials; (b) the S cannot, does not correctly identify the stimulus verbally or motorically (that is consciously); (c) some response occurs (e.g. autonomic or imagery) which would be expected to occur only if the stimulus were somehow perceived and identified