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Edible Oil

其他書名	Food Security in the Gulf
出版	Chatham House, 2013
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=4y6hoAEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The food security of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), rests almost entirely upon international trade. Food security assumes particular political significance in the Gulf. The perceived risk of trade sanctions has continued to shape food politics in the Gulf since the threat of a food embargo against the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) countries following the 1973 oil crisis. Import routes are particularly vulnerable to disruption or closure in the event of instability within the wider Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A lack of economic diversification within the GCC means that food imports are financed through energy exports, leaving countries vulnerable to deterioration in the terms of trade between food and oil or the exhaustion of their reserves. Recent events, such as the 2011 Arab uprisings, continued instability in Egypt and Syria, trade sanctions against regional neighbors, threats by Iran to close the Strait of Hormuz and repeated spikes in international food prices, have heightened these concerns. Unsurprisingly, governments are re-evaluating trade-based strategies and have employed a variety of measures to bolster food security. This paper considers the food security of the GCC before critically examining these measures in the context of longer-term environmental and economic trends.