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註釋"Numerous roadside safety systems are configured with reinforced concrete materials, such as bridge railings, median barriers, and roadside projects. The analysis and design of these structures may involve impact simulation with finite element software, like LS-DYNA, which includes multiple concrete material models. This Phase I study investigated the viability and performance of existing concrete material models to simulate unreinforced components subject to common loading conditions, such as compression, tension, shear, and bending. For this study, five material models were evaluated -- CSCM, K & C, RHT, Winfrith, and CDPM" (page i).