“Modern Medicinal Chemistry: Techniques and Applications” provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamentals, techniques, and advancements in medicinal chemistry. Structured in ten comprehensive chapters, this book begins with a historical overview, tracing the evolution of medicinal chemistry and its pivotal role in modern drug development. It introduces readers to the basic concepts and principles behind drug discovery, emphasizing the steps of target identification, lead compound selection, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR). Key chapters deeply explore the synthesis of medicinal compounds, highlighting organic synthesis techniques, combinatorial chemistry, and green chemistry principles. The book also examines drug-target interactions, discussing receptor theory, enzyme inhibition, and protein-ligand dynamics. An in-depth analysis of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics focuses on ADME processes, biotransformation, and dose-response relationships. Analytical techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and bioanalytical methods are explored in detail, and high-throughput screening is important in drug discovery. The book also acknowledges the important role of natural products in developing bioactive compounds and discusses biopharmaceuticals, including monoclonal antibodies, nucleic acid therapies, and emerging biotechnologies. Subsequent chapters focus on regulatory affairs, drug safety, and pharmacovigilance, providing insights into the ethical considerations and guidelines governing the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, the book addresses future trends, such as personalized medicine, nanomedicine, AI-driven drug discovery, and emerging challenges and opportunities in the field, making it an essential resource for both students and professionals.