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AMERN INDIAN LACROSSE PB
註釋Often viewed as a gift from the spirits and as far more than recreation alone, lacrosse has functioned in Indian life as a surrogate or "little brother" of war, as a healing ritual, and as a memorial celebration. Games were played to settle territorial disputes and, with wagering, as a substitute for the plunder of victory. Vennum fully describes the spiritual components of the game, including the physical and ritual preparation of athletes, equipment, and the playing field itself. Tracing the evolution of Indian lacrosse equipment, Vennum comments on the changes brought by American and Canadian enthusiasm for the game. Excluded from official international competition until 1990, and deprived of their franchise in traditional wooden sticks by the advent of mass-produced plastic and aluminum models, Native Americans have nevertheless held tightly to their traditional sport.