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註釋Abstract: "Computational theories of action have generally understood the organized nature of human activity in terms of the construction and execution of computer-program-like structures called plans. By consigning the phenomena of contingency and improvisation to peripheral roles, this view of activity has led to grossly impractical technical proposals. I would like to propose an alternative view of human activity. According to this view, contingency is a central feature of the world of everyday activity and improvisation is the principal means by which people get along in the world. Starting from these premises, I offer a computational model of certain aspects of everyday routine activity. This model is based on two ideas, a way of organizing improvised activity called running arguments and an account of representation for situated agents called representation.