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The Changing Landscape of the Former Linyi in the Provinces of Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên-Huế

出版	Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre, ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 2019
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=69R4zQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This paper seeks to add to the field of Cham studies by exploring Champa's early historical landscape. It focus on the lesser-known and less understood history of Linyi, a kingdom that was to become part of northern Champa from the seventh century onward. The rationale for this paper is simple: we know something about southern localities such as Trà Kiệu, Mỹ Sơn, Vijaya (Quy Nhơn) and Phan Rang, but less about the northern localities of present-day Quảng Trị and the Thừa Thiên-Huế area. At the same time, while we know something about Cham maritime history, we know little about how its coast and rivers were connected and how they changed over time, and whether such changes in landscape impacted on Champa's maritime fortune in any way. This northern region will be the focus of this working paper. I will begin with the fragrant forest of Linyi of the fift h century, highlighting the importance of trade in aromatic plants to Linyi's rise. I then move to examine Linyi's territorial integration and the basis for its prosperity. Th ere seem to be two major features of Linyi territory: first, although Champa occupied one of 'the least coherent territories in the world', as Gourou ( 1955 : 3 ) put it, its northern part of the territory (Linyi) appears to have been better connected than the rest of Champa's nagaris (principalities) with a crucial river-lagoon system running across its heartland. Linyi was well integrated with rich resources all around, and this formed the foundation of Linyi's prosperity. The second feature, equally important to our understanding, is that this foundation is changeable. Geographical factors that formed Linyi--the high mountains, short rivers on sloping terrain and frequent typhoon attacks--contributed to an ever-altering coastline, which might have impacted the fortune of Linyi, more so than its counterpart in the Red River delta.