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Modeling Coupled Thermohaline Flow and Reactive Solute Transport in Discretely-fractured Porous Media [electronic Resource]

出版	Thesis (Philosophiæ doctor (Ph.D.))--Université Laval, 2005
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=7dvltwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋A three-dimensional numerical model is developed that couples the quartz-water chemical system with variable-density, variable-viscosity flow in fractured porous media. The new model also solves for heat transfer in fractured porous media, under the assumption of negligible thermal expansion of the rock. The fluid properties density and viscosity as well as chemistry constants (dissolution rate constant, equilibrium constant and activity coefficient) are calculated as a function of the concentrations of major ions and of temperature. Reaction and flow parameters, such as mineral surface area and permeability, are updated at the end of each time step with explicitly calculated reaction rates. The impact of porosity and aperture changes on specific storage is neglected. Adaptive time stepping is used to accelerate and slow down the simulation process in order to prevent physically unrealistic results. New time increments depend on maximum changes in matrix porosity and/or fracture aperture. Reaction rates at time level L+1 (implicit time weighting scheme) are used to renew all model parameters to ensure numerical stability. The model is verified against existing analytical, numerical and physical benchmark problems of variable-density flow, reactive solute transport and heat transfer in fractured porous media. The complexity of the model formulation allows chemical reactions and variable-density flow to be studied in a more realistic way than previously possible. The present study first addresses the phenomenon of variable-density flow and transport in fractured porous media, where a single fracture of an arbitrary incline can occur. A general mathematical formulation of the body force vector is derived, which accounts for variable-density flow and transport in fractures of any orientation. Simulations of variable-density flow and solute transport are conducted for a single fracture, embedded in a porous matrix. The simulations show that density-driven flow in the fracture causes convective flow within the porous matrix and that the highpermeability fracture acts as a barrier for convection. The new model was applied to simulate illustrative examples, such as the horizontal movement of a hot plume in a chemically reactive fractured medium. Thermohaline (double-diffusive) transport impacts both buoyancy-driven flow and chemical reactions. Free convective flow depends on the density contrast between the fluid (hot brine or cool saltwater) and the reference fluid. In the example, density contrasts are generally small and fractures do not act like preferential pathways but contribute to transverse dispersion of the plume. Hot zones correspond to areas of quartz dissolution while in cooler zones, precipitation of imported silica prevails. The silica concentration is inversely proportional to salinity in high-salinity regions and directly proportional to temperature in low-salinity regions. The system is the most sensitive to temperature inaccuracy. This is because temperature impacts both the dissolution kinetics (Arrhenius equation) and the quartz solubility.