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Energy Subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean
Mr.Gabriel Di Bella
Mr.Lawrence Norton
Mr.Joseph Ntamatungiro
Ms.Sumiko Ogawa
Issouf Samaké
Marika Santoro
其他書名
Stocktaking and Policy Challenges
出版
International Monetary Fund
, 2015-02-12
主題
Business & Economics / Public Finance
Business & Economics / Economics / Macroeconomics
Business & Economics / Investments & Securities / Commodities / Energy
ISBN
1484365364
9781484365366
URL
http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=8bUZEAAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook
SAMPLE
註釋
The oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalated with high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean—about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011–13 (approximately evenly split between fuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities. Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuel more, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are Central America and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs, competitiveness, and distribution. The paper overviews country experience with subsidy reform, drawing lessons.