登入
選單
返回
Google圖書搜尋
The Politics of Means and Ends
Holger Bähr
其他書名
Policy Instruments in the European Union
出版
Routledge
, 2016-03-03
主題
Political Science / World / European
Political Science / General
Social Science / Sociology / General
Social Science / General
ISBN
1317020405
9781317020400
URL
http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=9DOrCwAAQBAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook
SAMPLE
註釋
Policy instruments are techniques used to implement policy goals. Subject to political conflict, they address the relationship between those who govern and those who are governed. Why do political actors choose certain policy instruments to implement policy goals? Systematically comparing policy instruments employed in the European Union's environmental and social policy, Holger Bähr develops a general theoretical framework to illustrate how policy-makers prefer different types of policy instruments depending on the respective effect they wish to have on member state governments, citizens, consumers, and producers. He argues that institutions, the politicisation of policy problems and external events constrain political actors and provide them with the opportunity to transfer their preferred policy instruments into policy outputs at the end of decision-making.