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Is Sport No Longer Enough?

其他書名	The Impact of Food Rewards on Children's Motivation to Participate in Sport
出版	Nipissing University, School of Physical and Health Education, 2020
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=9grGzQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Children involved in organized sport report higher levels of physical activity (PA), but also unhealthier diets than those who are not in sport. This may be due in part to the pervasive use of unhealthy foods as rewards within the culture of youth sport. Therefore, the overarching purpose of this study was to explore the use of food as a reward in youth sport, and the overall perceived impact it has on children's motivation to participate in youth recreation hockey. A constructionist paradigm with a relativist ontology, and subjective and transactional epistemology guided this instrumental case study. Criterion-based and snowball sampling was used to recruit children aged 4-12 (n = 39), parents (n = 24), and coaches (n = 12) within central and northeastern Ontario, Canada. Parents and children participated in focus groups while coaches took part in one-on-one interviews. All participants completed a survey about their sport involvement. Transcribed audio recordings underwent inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Key inductive themes included: the culture of food in hockey, the how and why of motivating athletes, and opinions of sponsorship in youth sport. Deductive coding was guided by the self-determination theory (SDT) and socio-ecological model (SEM), and highlighted how basic psychological needs, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, as well as community,organizational, interpersonal, and intrapersonal factors influence child and parent motivation.Ultimately, participation and effort in hockey would continue without rewards; however,they are still offered to motivate and celebrate performance. Knowing that food rewards do not motivate children's participation suggests a need to educate parents and coaches on what children truly value about sport and how to celebrate success and effort in a healthier way.