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A RADICAL IN HIS TIME: THE THOUGHT OF SHIBLI SHUMAYYIL AND ARAB INTELLECTUAL DISCOURSE (1882-1917) (SHUMAYYIL SHIBLI, EGYPT).

Susan Laila Ziadeh

出版	University of Michigan, 1991
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=AV4eAQAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋

In applying evolution's principles to social organization, Shumayyil advocated a liberal or reform Social Darwinian interpretation. Based on that, he saw socialism as the model to ensure a citizen's minimal needs whereby the state would assume the task as arbiter of society's injustices. Declaring religion and its leadership inappropriate to dominate the social and political realms of society, he called for secular rule institutionalized through a representative government with legislative bodies.