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Evaluation of Deep Geologic Units in Florida for Potential Use in Carbon Dioxide Sequestration

出版	University of South Florida, 2010
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=BJqFAQAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋ABSTRACT: Concerns about elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and the effect on global climate have created proposals for the reduction of carbon emissions from large stationary sources, such as power plants. Carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) in deep geologic units is being considered by Florida electric-utilities. Carbon dioxide-enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is a form of CCS that could offset some of the costs associated with geologic sequestration. Two potential reservoirs for geologic sequestration were evaluated in south-central and southern Florida: the Paleocene Cedar Keys Formation/Upper Cretaceous Lawson Formation (CKLIZ) and the Lower Cretaceous Sunniland Formation along the Sunniland Trend (Trend). The Trend is a slightly arcuate band in southwest Florida that is about 233 kilometers long and 32 kilometers wide, and contains oil plays within the Sunniland Formation at depths starting around 3,414 meters below land surface, which are confined to mound-like structures made of coarse fossil fragments, mostly rudistids. The Trend commercial oil fields of the South Florida Basin have an average porosity of 16% within the oil-producing Sunniland Formation, and collectively have an estimated storage capacity of around 26 million tons of CO2. The Sunniland Formation throughout the entire Trend has an average porosity of 14% and an estimated storage capacity of about 1.2 billion tons of CO2 (BtCO2). The CKLIZ has an average porosity of 23% and an estimated storage capacity of approximately 79 BtCO2. Porous intervals within the CKLIZ and Sunniland Formation are laterally homogeneous, and low-permeability layers throughout the units provide significant vertical heterogeneity. The CKLIZ and Sunniland Formation are considered potentially suitable for CCS operations because of their geographic locations, appropriate depths, high porosities, estimated storage capacities, and potentially-effective seals. The Trend oil fields are suitable for CO2-EOR in the Sunniland Formation due to appropriate injected-CO2 density, uniform intergranular porosity, suitable API density of formation-oil, sufficient production zones, and adequate remaining oil-in-place following secondary recovery. In addition to these in-depth investigations of the CKLIZ and Sunniland Formation, a more-cursory assessment of deep geologic units throughout the state of Florida, which includes rocks of Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous age through to rocks of Ordovician age, shows additional units in Florida that may be suitable for CO2-EOR and CCS operations. Furthermore, this study shows that deep geologic units throughout Florida potentially have the capacity to sequester billions of tons of CO2 for hundreds of fossil-fuel-fired power plants. Geologic sequestration has not yet been conducted in Florida, and its implementation could prove useful to Florida utility companies, as well as to other energy-utilities in the southeastern United States.