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註釋This text provides definitive coverage of the medical causes of back and neck pain, focusing on the clinical aspects of evaluation and management. The authors present the most up-to-date information on anatomy, physiology, clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment. Additions to the medical therapy section include new information on the role of COX-II inhibitors and the appropriate use of opiates. The surgery section has also been updated with details about minimally invasive surgery, the role of bone morphogenic protein, and disc replacement.
  • Presents all of the newest medication guidelines-including tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in in-flam-matory disease and sciatica - the appropriate use of cox-2 inhibitors and analgesics - and much more.
  • Explores hot topics such as Tnf alpha inhibitors in spine disease - new osteoporosis therapies - and recent breakthroughs in diabetes treatment.
  • Updates the surgery section with new information on minimally invasive surgery - the role of bone morphogenic protein - and disc replacement.
  • Incorporates new content on complementary and alternative therapies.