返回Google圖書搜尋

Of Proteins and Processing

其他書名	Mechanisms of Protein Damage Upon Rapeseed Processing and Their Effects on Nutritional Value
出版	Wageningen University, 2017
ISBN	94625798739789462579873
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=BuyZAQAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The processed ingredients (e.g. rapeseed meal) are mixed with other ingredients and processed further during the compound feed manufacturing process. The effects of the diet processing methods (e.g. pelleting and extrusion) on protein digestibility could depend on the extent of the damage of the ingredients used. The aim of Chapter 6 was to test the effects of toasting time of rapeseed meal, diet processing method and the interaction between both on protein digestion along the gastrointestinal tract and apparent/standardised ileal digestibility of CP and AA. Mash, pelleted and extruded diets were manufactured using either 0, 60 or 120 min toasted RSM as the only protein source, for a total of 9 different experimental diets. Whilst increasing the toasting time decreased the contents of lysine and reactive lysine in the diets, no effects were noticed after pelleting or extrusion of the diets compared to the mash. The mean particle size of the diets was reduced from 479 & mu;m in the mash diets to 309 and 211 & mu;m after pelleting and extrusion, respectively. A total of 81 growing boars were individually fed with one of the experimental diets. Following euthanasia, the small intestine was divided in 3 sections of equal length and the contents of the final 1.5 m of each small intestine section were sampled. The apparent CP digestibility for each section of the gastrointestinal tract was used to calculate the rate of CP digestion based on a second order equation. The rate of digestion was higher in the diets containing 0 min toasted RSM compared to the diets that contained 60 or 120 min toasted RSM. The diet processing method tended to affect the rate of protein digestion, with higher rates for the extruded> pelleted> mash diets. Significant effects of the interaction between toasting time and diet processing method were found on the apparent ileal CP digestibility. Whilst a lower apparent ileal CP digestibility was found in the 120 min toasted RSM mash diet compared to the 0 and 60 min toasted RSM mash diets, no differences were observed between the different toasting times in the pelleted and extruded diets. Similar significant interactions were noticed for the apparent ileal digestibility of some dispensable and indispensable AA (e.g. arginine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, alanine, glycine, proline, serine). Pelleting of the 60 and 120 min toasted RSM diets increased the standardized ileal digestible CP content by 6 and 15%, respectively, compared to the 60 and 120 min toasted mash diets. Extrusion of the 0, 60 and 120 min toasted RSM diets increased the standardized ileal digestible CP content by 5, 9 and 12%, respectively, compared to the 0, 60 and 120 min toasted mash diets. Similar positive effects of pelleting and extrusion were obtained for the apparent ileal digestible contents of lysine and reactive lysine, especially for the diets that contained RSM toasted for longer times. In conclusion, the severe effects of protein damage during the production of RSM on protein digestibility can be (partially) ameliorated by processing of the diets.