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Production and Reproduction in a Planned, Industrial City

其他書名	The Working- and Lower-class Households of Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela
出版	Women in International Development, Michigan State University, 1984
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=C8s5OVcZrMoC&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This paper examines the relationship between women's roles and capitalist development through a study of 208 lower-class and working-class households in Ciudad Guayana, and planned industrial city founded in 1961. The study concludes that the process of industrialization and selective investment in the construction of urban infrastructure has led to an exaggeration of women's domestic roles and of the occupational segregation that characterizes women's participation in the labor force throughout Venezuela. Specifically, planners assigned women a supportive role as housewives responsible for the reproduction of male labor power. Bolstered by cultural values and a Civil Code that legally established female subordination to men, the planners set up a structure of opportunities and benefits that reinforced female dependence on men. The primacy of women's domestic roles is reflected in the rate of participation in the labor force, in occupational segregation, in a greater concentration of women in the informal sector, and in female poverty.