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The Role of Epistemic Trust in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

出版	UCL (University College London), 2019
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=D-IPzgEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Aims: To assess whether individuals with a mental disorder or personality disorder experience more subjective loneliness than healthy controls. Methods: PsycINFO, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Web of Science were searched using terms related to mental disorders, personality disorders and loneliness. The search yielded 452 papers, for which twenty-two met the review criteria, with nineteen being used in the meta-analysis due to missing data. As a number of these studies included more than one "patient" participant group, thirty effect sizes were included in the overall meta-analysis. Results: An overall significant large positive effect of mental disorder/personality disorder on loneliness (d=1.15) was found. Due to significant heterogeneity between the studies, post-hoc analyses were conducted to explore this. No significant effect of loneliness measurement type or study quality was found. A significant effect of disorder category (personality disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosis, eating disorder or mixed mental disorder) was found. A further meta-analysis excluding studies of personality disorders found a lower, but significant large positive effect of mental disorder on loneliness (d=1.03) with no heterogeneity between studies. A meta-analysis looking only at personality disorder found a higher overall significant large positive effect on loneliness (d=2.23). Conclusions: This review found evidence that individuals with mental disorders and/or personality disorders are lonelier than those without any psychopathology. The results suggest that this relationship is stronger for personality disorders. However, it is difficult to draw conclusions due to various limitations, including a lack of studies exploring certain disorders and unrepresentative samples.