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註釋Difference Equations, Second Edition, presents a practical introduction to this important field of solutions for engineering and the physical sciences. Topic coverage includes numerical analysis, numerical methods, differential equations, combinatorics and discrete modeling. A hallmark of this revision is the diverse application to many subfields of mathematics.

  • Phase plane analysis for systems of two linear equations
  • Use of equations of variation to approximate solutions
  • Fundamental matrices and Floquet theory for periodic systems
  • LaSalle invariance theorem
  • Additional applications: secant line method, Bison problem, juvenile-adult population model, probability theory
  • Appendix on the use of Mathematica for analyzing difference equaitons
  • Exponential generating functions
  • Many new examples and exercises