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Improving Patrol Productivity: The general pros and cons of specialization

William G. GayStephen SchackTheodore H. Schell

出版	Office of Technology Transfer, National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, U.S. Department of Justice, 1977
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=DxFQef7ECK4C&hl=&source=gbs_api
EBook	FULL_PUBLIC_DOMAIN

註釋Patrol operations are the single most costly aspect of policing. Improvements in patrol productivity depend upon the efficient utilization and management of patrol officers' time. Focusing on the general patrol division, the first volume of this report recommends specific steps that departments of all sizes can take to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations. The ideas and information presented in this prescriptive package were drawn from a variety of sources. A review was made of literature relating to patrol operations, and site visits were made to 26 different departments in order to review innovative patrol programs and to develop an understanding of the departmental context in which they were implemented. Included in the volume are detailed discussions of patrol workload analysis as the basis for developing efficient and effective deployment schemes and management of call for service workloads and the prioritization of calls for service. Also covered are the following: the use of crime analysis in support of routine patrol operations and the conducting of preplanned and directed prevention, deterrence, and apprehension activities. The volume concludes with the presentation of selected case studies of departments which have implemented many of the approaches outlined, and with a discussion of the major issues faced in planning, implementing, and evaluating changes in the patrol function. The second part of a two-volume prescriptive package, is directed toward assisting police departments in improving the productivity of their patrol operations, the most costly aspect of policing. Recommendations in this second report are based on a state of the art review of patrol operations in many police departments throughout the country and an assessment of recent research and commentary on patrol. Presented is a discussion of the appropriate use and effective operation of specialized patrol. The authors point out that specialized patrol should be considered when the best efforts of routine patrol officers to cope with particular crime problems are being frustrated due to frequent interruptions by call for service demands and the inability of uniformed officers to employ certain types of tactics. Specialized patrol tactics are covered, including the following: decoy operations, stake-outs, and covert surveillance. The volume further provides recommendations regarding the planning, implementation, deployment, tactics, and evaluation of specialized patrol operations. An annotated bibliography is appended.