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Financial Stability Monitoring
註釋The Dodd Frank Act (DFA) broadens the regulatory reach to reduce systemic risks to the U.S. financial system, but it does not address some important risks that could migrate to or emanate from entities outside the federal safety net. At the same time, the Act limits the types of interventions by financial authorities to address systemic events when they occur. As a result, a broad and forward-looking monitoring program, which seeks to identify financial vulnerabilities and guide the development of pre-emptive policies to help mitigate them, is essential. Systemic vulnerabilities, when hit by adverse shocks, can lead to fire sale dynamics, negative feedback loops, and inefficient contractions in the supply of credit. This study presents a framework that centers on the vulnerabilities that propagate adverse shocks, rather than shocks themselves, which are difficult to predict. This framework also highlights how policies that reduce the likelihood of systemic crises may do so only by raising the cost of financial intermediation in non-crisis periods. Figures. This is a print on demand report.