註釋 "This study has characterized the hydrocarbon constituents of produced oil, refinery effluent and cooling water from the Norman Wells refinery. In addition, a thorough literature review of fate and effects was undertaken. As the only industry/refinery on the Mackenzie River, the refinery effluent is a possible source of contaminants. However, in this study, composite and grab samples indicated that effluent water quality was good in comparison with most other oil refinery effluents in terms of conventional parameters (e.g. phenols, total organic carbon, ammonia). In relation to the effluent, cooling water samples contained much reduced concentrations of hydrocarbons. The most prominent compound in the refinery effluent (also found in the cooling water) was morpholine. As fish detect and imprint this compound at extremely low concentrations, it is possible that this constituent may be acting to "imprint" and/or chemically attract fish into the effluent plume. Further investigations would be required to define the importance of this concern. Analysis of the Norman Wells crude oil suggests that any impacts from short term spills would be minimal due to the volatilization and biodegradation of many of its constituent hydrocarbons. (NOGAP)."--ASTIS [online] bibliography. 