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Multiple Levels of Analysis Investigation of Transformational Leadership

出版	State University of New York at Binghamton, Center for Leadership Studies, 1989
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=FP_yHAAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Transformational leadership was clarified conceptually in this study by focusing on leader-follower interactions in terms of multiple levels of analysis. Transformational leadership also was examined in comparison to transactional and laissez-faire leadership, and in relation to outcomes of leadership. The focal leaders were 186 United States Navy Officers who were graduates of the United States Naval Academy and on active duty assigned to the surface warfare fleet. Data about the officers were collected from 793 senior subordinates of the officers via a mail survey. Results from Within and Between Analysis (WABA) suggest that, while a few relationships were based on between groups (leaders) differences, the network of relationship was based primarily on individual differences in subordinates' perceptions of leadership and outcomes. As such, an information processing or individual differences rather than between groups or within groups view of transformational leadership seemed more likely. Moreover, transformational leadership as compared to transactional or laissez-faire leadership was related more strongly to subordinates' extra effort and satisfaction with the focal officers and the officers' effectiveness. Keywords: Naval personnel, Officer personnel, Individual differences. (sdw).