Pleuropulmonary infections are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This issue of the European Respiratory Monograph considers pleuropulmonary infections from both medical and surgical angles. It features chapters written by well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine and thoracic surgery, with particular focus on antibiotic prophylaxis prior to thoracic surgical procedures, the medical and surgical treatment of tuberculosis, fungal infections, abscesses and empyema of the lung, bronchiectasis, hydatid disease, mediastinitis, post-operative infection and complications, and much more.