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註釋This report looks at how the Canadian environment is being affected by nitrogen and phosphorus compounds that are released as a result of human activities. The first section explains the characteristics of nutrients, environmental concerns associated with nutrients, and the nitrogen & phosphorus cycles. Section 2 reviews the enrichment effects of nutrient additions to lakes, rivers, wetlands, coastal waters, and forests; briefly reviews the socio-economic effects; and presents a regional overview of nutrient enrichment in Canada. Section 3 describes toxic effects of nutrient additions, including effects on plants, animals, and humans, and the consequent socio-economic effects. Section 4 reviews the sources of nutrient additions from wastewater, agriculture, industry, aquaculture, forest management practices, and atmospheric emission & deposition. Section 5 evaluates selected measures for management of nutrients from municipal wastewater, agriculture, and aquaculture operations. Section 6 identifies gaps in research about nutrients in the environment and section 7 draws conclusions about nutrient impacts.