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Model Development and Validation of Pesticide Volatilization from Soil and Crop Surfaces Post Spraying During Agricultural Practices

出版	Ohio University, 2020
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=GDfyzQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Pesticides volatilize from soil and plant surfaces to the atmosphere after spray applications in agricultural fields which can cause inhalational exposure to bystanders. It is important to quantify such volatilization with reasonable confidence for risk assessment of the inhalation exposure. A mechanistic model was developed here to simulate the underlying transport processes and deploy it as a standalone tool that a regulatory body can use to predict volatilization emissions of various pesticides for determination of inhalation exposure. The overall volatilization model includes a soil sub-model and a plant sub-model. The model accounts for the effect of meteorology, soil conditions, pesticide adsorption and volatilization. The soil model simultaneously resolves the soil profile of temperature, moisture, and pesticide concentrations to compute the time-dependent volatilization. The numerical model for soil treatment was in good agreement with an analytical solution at stagnant boundary conditions. The model performance of 14 pesticides against the analytical solution showed coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.76 to 0.99 and index of agreement (IOA) values of 0.43 to 0.98. The soil model was also validated with observations at field conditions with variable meteorology. The time-dependent predicted volatilization compared well against measurements of two surface treated pesticides - metolachlor and triallate with R2 value of 0.4 and 0.7, respectively.