The choice of foreign operation methods, whether they are used singly or in combination, is a critical question for internationalising companies. This thoroughly updated edition of a successful text provides comprehensive coverage of the main tools companies use in seeking to penetrate foreign markets – covering investment, exporting and contractual arrangements such as franchising and management contracts. An important feature of this book is its thorough overview of theoretical and strategic perspectives such as mode packaging, mode switching and mode flexibility and will be invaluable for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students.