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Barriers to the Commercialization and Adoption of New Underground Coal Mining Technologies in the United States

出版	RAND, 2023
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=GRxd0AEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act (MINER Act) of 2006 charged the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) with expediting the development and commercial availability of new safety technologies for underground coal mining. NIOSH has facilitated the development of numerous new technologies but has observed that the commercialization and widespread adoption of technologies face formidable barriers. This report presents results of a project characterizing barriers to the development, commercialization, and adoption of new technologies for use in underground coal mining in the United States. The authors of this report interviewed representatives of a sample of organizations that have a stake in the U.S. underground coal mining market and held a workshop with selected stakeholders to refine and prioritize the barriers and to identify solutions to them. Through the interviews, the authors identified and characterized 24 barriers falling into three groups (economic, regulatory, and other) and several subgroups within each group. The workshop prioritized barriers according to perceived frequency of occurrence and magnitude of impact. The individual barriers span a variety of specific issues. Most barriers have the effect of dissuading suppliers from developing new technologies, updating existing technologies, or even entering or remaining in the underground coal mining market at all. Solutions proposed in the workshop centered on streamlining the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) approval process, modernizing MSHA standards, increasing stakeholder interaction in efforts to update mining technology and the associated regulatory regime, and increasing federal support for mining technology.