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In Plane Sight: Theories of Film Spectatorship and Animation

出版	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=GgFRjwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Chapter Three considers the structuring of spectator response to bodies of animated characters which in pronounced ways engage American cultural issues of gender and racial difference. The chapter analyzes films that mix live action and animation as a locus for testing how psychoanalytic and cultural studies approaches might explain varied responses to animation film. I argue that both established approaches to spectatorship need elaboration to account for animation's capacity to make or highlight racial and gender representation as factors of character "performance" in the animated film. The difference in filmic modes necessitating this elaboration occurs beyond shared issues of narrative and cinematographic point of view and semiotic systems operating in animation as well as live action films. I argue specifically that spectators' comprehension of animated screen bodies requires elaboration of theories of viewing, for American animation's conventions of representing gender and race often exaggerate social markers in ways that may caricature gender and simultaneously encode and camouflage racialized performance.