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The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland
註釋An evaluation of the work of Yitzhak (Ignacy) Schipper (1884-1943), the Polish Jewish historian. Working at a time of acute Polish hostility towards the Jews, much of Schipper's work (written in Polish and Yiddish) was directed towards disproving antisemitic claims and showing the Jewish contribution to medieval Polish life. Schipper challenged Sombart's thesis that capitalism reflects the Jews' racial psyche, and gave a historical explanation of the origin of Jewish capital and usury. State exploitation of Jewish usury in the Middle Ages resulted in popular antisemitism and pogroms.