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הייחוד והיחד

其他書名	חידת השרדותן של הקבוצות היהודיות בימי הביניים
出版	המכון לחקר התפוצות באוניברסיטת תל־אביב, 1997
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=IbhtAAAAMAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋A study of Jewish life in northern France and Germany in the 12th-13th centuries. The Jews in these areas were protected by the king or the emperor, but they were often used, or abused, for economic reasons. After the First Crusade in 1096, the Church put increasing pressure on the Jews to convert. The Jews, for the most part, managed to withstand this pressure by maintaining good communal organization and providing all that was needed to maintain a Jewish life style. In addition, new regulations were set up by Jewish communities in order to prevent conversion, and those who converted were ostracized. The Jews of that period revered the concept of dying for the sanctification of God's name - Kiddush Hashem - rather than converting.