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The Role of Melodic and Temporal Accent Patterns in the Perception of Meter

出版	Ohio State University, 2006
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=K82hNwAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Abstract: The perception of temporal regularity in music is both a natural (e.g., tapping or clapping to a "beat") and fundamental component to the comprehension of melodies. Meter characterizes this temporal regularity as a cyclic pattern of strong and weak beats. Evidence suggests that the accent structure (i.e., the pattern of accented and unaccented tones) of a melody is important in establishing a metrical framework in the mind of a listener. Some evidence suggests that two types of musical accents, termed melodic and temporal, are believed to contribute equally to the perception of meter. Other evidence suggests a primary (and sometimes exclusive) role for temporal accent information in the perception of meter. The present study was a systematic investigation of a melodic accent (created by a leap in pitch trajectory) and a temporal accent (created by lengthening the duration of a tone), in an effort to determine whether one or the other was more influential in establishing a metrical framework in the mind of a listener. Experiment 1 examined the degree to which different values of a pitch leap or a duration length differentiated two simple metrical frameworks, termed binary (groups of tones by two) and ternary (groups of three). Two accent values (one pitch leap, one duration) which differentiated subjects' perceptions of binary and ternary accent patterns to the same degree were selected as having equal perceptual salience. Using these equivalent values, new tone sequences were created in Experiment 2 which contained both pitch leap and duration accent locations, each corresponding to one of three metrical frameworks (neutral, binary, ternary). In sequences with multiple accent types, the joint accent structure (Jones 1987, 1993) can be discussed. Experiment 2 confirmed predictions made by a joint accent structure account of meter perception and melodic comprehension regarding the salience of metrical frameworks as a function of accent coincidence. Specifically, metrical frameworks were most clear when the joint accent structure was concordant (i.e., pitch leap and duration accents coinciding) and least clear when discordant (i.e., accent patterns based on different periods). Taken together, Experiments 1 and 2 provide clear evidence that both melodic and temporal accent information are important in the perception of meter.