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Policy Instruments and Modes of Governance in Environmental Policies of the European Union

I. M. BouwmaA. L. GerritsenD. A. KamphorstF. H. Kistenkas

其他書名	Past, Present and Future
出版	Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature & the Environment (WOT Natuur & Milieu), 2015
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=KDv4jwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋This report reviews the trends in EU policy instruments and governance modes. Prior to discussing these the report provides definitions for and describes a typology for governance modes and policy instruments. The report identifies three major trends in policy instruments and policy modes of the EU based on the available literature and a quick scan of five EU environmental directives, regulations or policies (Habitats Directive, Renewable Energy Directive, Timber Regulation, Water Framework Directive & Common Agricultural Policy). The trends are: a move from strict compulsory settings to due diligence in new legislation, a move from regulatory to networking, information based instruments and knowledge instruments and an increasing reliance on self-governance.