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By Samuel Z. Klausner
出版Defense Technical Information Center, 1966
URLhttp://books.google.com.hk/books?id=M0VKNwAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api
註釋Hypothesis: (1) Fear and enthusiasm are negatively correlated components of affectual excitement. (2) In acting despite fear, fear is transformed into enthusiasm (the affectual valence shift from negative to positive); i.e., fear at one point is positively correlated with enthusiasm at a later point in the act. A sample of 825 American sport parachutists indicated the degrees of fear and enthusiasm experienced during their first jump. The data were examined by regression analysis of the fear and enthusiasm scores. During the jump preparation both fear and enthusiasm increase. At the start of the jump run, fear decreases and enthusiasm increases. A nadir and zenith, respectively, are reached when the parachute is opened. Fear again increases and enthusiasm decreases near landing. Upon touching the ground, fear drops to a new nadir and enthusiasm rises to a zenith above the first. The mean scores for fear and for enthusiasm at successive points during the jump are negatively correlated. At single points, individual fear and enthusiasm scores are also negatively correlated. These findings support the first hypothesis. The individual fear scores at the first zenith of fear are less negatively and then more positively correlated with individual enthusiasm at successive subsequent points; this finding supports the second hypothesis. A deviant case analysis showed that those who transform their fear into a relatively great amount of enthusiasm tend to be independent, energetic personalities, while those who fail, relatively, to transform the fear into enthusiasm tend to be passive, dependent personalities. (Author).