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Viruses in the Rhine and Source Waters for Drinking Water Production

出版	RIWA, 2005
ISBN	906683000X9789066830004
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=M6egAAAACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The present study was carried out on behalf of RIWA-Rhine (Association of River Water works, Netherlands). It reports the results of a survey on the occurrence of human viruses in the Dutch catchment basin of the river Rhine. Samples were taken from the Rhine at Lobith near the German border, the IJsselmeer and a corresponding reservoir near Andijk. The concentrations of entero-, reo-, rota- and noroviruses were determined. Moreover the concentrations of somatic and F-specific coli phages at these sampling points were estimated. For these viruses either culturing methods on cell lines and bacterial hosts or molecular methods (PCR) were applied. In the introductory part of the report a survey of waterborne viruses is given and the possible sources of the viruses was studied. Also, the Dutch drinking water legislation in relation to viruses is discussed.