The present publication introduces the concept of physical literacy. The kind of literacy is essential because it affects individual lifestyle and, in turn, also lifestyle of society. A physically literate person is responsible for his/her own health and has physical abilities, skills, knowledge and self-confidence allowing him to take part in and enjoy life-long physical activities. Therefore, we have attempted to provide readers with a compact insight into the issue. By means of research findings we would like to promote dissemination of this concept to wider audience. We present findings regarding the adolescents' motivation for physical activity, attitude of pupils towards variously focused physical education lessons, actual levels of physical activity in adult population etc.