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註釋This study was designed to investigate potential impacts of climate change and to explore the potential for tree seed source movement in current & future reforestation efforts using a previously established white spruce provenance trial. That trial was established in the 1970s at numerous test sites from Ontario to Maine. Growth & survival data were obtained from 21 test sites, mainly in Ontario, and numerous climatic variables were interpolated from the Ontario Climate Model for each of the Ontario sites. Values were also provided for sites outside Ontario. Population response functions predicted the optimal temperature or precipitation to produce best growth & survival for each of the 141 populations tested on at least four study sites. Mean maximum January temperature and mean May precipitation, which showed strong relationships with growth & survival, were used to predict optimal habitats for every population. Predictions are presented for the present & for 50 years into the future, based on global circulation model projections for Ontario, and indicate the degree of northern shift in optimal habitats.