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Plastics from Agricultural Materials

Orland Russel SweeneyLionel Kenneth Arnold

出版	Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, 1942
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=NEoPngEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋A dark brown resin was produced by heating together extracted soybean meal, furfural, phenol and ammonium hydroxide. This resin, when mixed with hexamethylenetetramine and either wood flour or asbestos filler, was molded into plastic products which compared favorably in strength ad water absorption with samples molded from commercial phenolic molding powders. variations in relative proportion of ingredients, in methods of procedure, and in time and temperature of cooking were studied in relation to strength and water absorption of the finished product. Urea was substituted for the phenol producing substance of satisfactory strength but higher water absorption, Soybean meal was also hardened by furfural alone and molded into a product of good strength but high absorption. A plastic molding material was made by heating together corncobs (or oat hulls), cresol, and sulfuric acid. This product was molded directly without the addition of filters. Another product, made in the same general manner except that it contained a much larger proportion of cresol, was mixed with filer to give a thermoplastic molding powder. When furfural, hexamethylenetetramine, and filler were added to the thermoplastic material a thermosetting product was produced. Samples molded from these materials although somewhat less in strength, were lower in water absorption than the soybean plastics. The optimum proportions of ingredients and the optimum cooking conditions were established. Acid-hydrolized cornstalks and oat hulls were mixed with furfural, analine, filler, and in some cases other materials, and molded. The effect of varying the raw materials combinations and molding conditions were studied. Plastics of desirable strength but rather high water absorption were produced. Raw material costs for all of these products were low.