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WiChR, a Highly Potassium-selective Channelrhodopsin for Low-light One- and Two-photon Inhibition of Excitable Cells

Johannes Tobias Theodor VierockEnrico PeterChristiane GrimmAndrey RozenbergI-Wen ChenLinda TillertAlejandro G. Castro ScaliseMarilù CasiniSandra AugustinDimitrii TaneseBenoît C. ForgetRemi PeyronnetFranziska Schneider-WarmeValentina EmilianiOded BéjàPeter Hegemann

出版	Universität, 2022
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=NMOizwEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋Abstract: The electric excitability of muscle, heart, and brain tissue relies on the precise interplay of Na+- and K+-selective ion channels. The involved ion fluxes are controlled in optogenetic studies using light-gated channelrhodopsins (ChRs). While non-selective cation-conducting ChRs are well established for excitation, K+-selective ChRs (KCRs) for efficient inhibition have only recently come into reach. Here, we report the molecular analysis of recently discovered KCRs from the stramenopile Hyphochytrium catenoides and identification of a novel type of hydrophobic K+ selectivity filter. Next, we demonstrate that the KCR signature motif is conserved in related stramenopile ChRs. Among them, WiChR from Wobblia lunata features a so far unmatched preference for K+ over Na+, stable photocurrents under continuous illumination, and a prolonged open-state lifetime. Showing high expression levels in cardiac myocytes and neurons, WiChR allows single- and two-photon inhibition at low irradiance and reduced tissue heating. Therefore, we recommend WiChR as the long-awaited efficient and versatile optogenetic inhibitor