Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary. It is hard to think of many who have had as much influence in the creation of the modern world. In addition to his overtly philosophical early work, his later writings have many points of contact with contemporary philosophical debates, especially in the philosophy of history and the social sciences, and in moral and political philosophy. Historical materialism — Marx’s theory of history — is centered around the idea that forms of society rise and fall as they further and then impede the development of human productive power. Marx’s economic analysis of capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat. Marx sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of production, characterized by class struggle, culminating in communism.

Content

Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, 1843

On the Jewish Question, 1843

The Holy Family, 1845

Theses on Feuerbach, 1845

The Poverty of Philosophy, 1847

Wage Labour and Capital, 1847

Manifesto of the Communist Party, 1848

The Class Struggles in France, 1850

Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon, 1852

A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 1859

Marx’s Inaugural Address

Capital