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Financial Disincentives to Formal Employment and Tax-benefit Systems in Latin America

María Cecilia Deza DelgadoH. Xavier JaraNicolás OlivaJavier Torres

出版	Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, 2020
URL	http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=NXjRzQEACAAJ&hl=&source=gbs_api

註釋The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it provides a comprehensive assessment of the financial cost informal workers would incur if they entered formal employment in five Latin American countries: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Then, it analyzes the extent to which formalizing informal workers would contribute to increase fiscal capacity. Our results show a wide variation in formalization tax rates ranging between 8.5 percent in Venezuela and 65 percent in Colombia. Formalization costs are particularly high for self-employed informal workers, and mainly driven by the burden associated to social insurance contribution payments. Interestingly, potential formalization of informal workers with the highest probability of being formal would allow capturing a substantial share of the additional tax revenue lost due to informality and would reduce inequality. The comparative analysis highlights the possibility of adopting strategies to reduce the financial burden to formalization of certain population groups in the region.